The loss‐averse newsvendor problem with supply options

In this article, we consider a loss‐averse newsvendor with stochastic demand. The newsvendor might procure options when demand is unknown, and decide how many options to execute only after demand is revealed. If the newsvendor reserves too many options, he would incur high reservation costs. Yet reserving too few could result in lost sales. So the newsvendor faces a trade‐off between reservation costs and losing sales. When there are multiple options available, the newsvendor has to consider how many units of each to reserve by studying the trade‐off between flexibility and costs. We show how the newsvendor's loss aversion behavior affects his ordering decision, and propose an efficient algorithm to compute his optimal solution in the general case with n options. We also present examples showing how the newsvendor's ordering strategy changes as loss aversion rises. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. 62:46–59, 2015     

Selling to strategic and loss‐averse consumers: Stocking,procurement, and product design policies

Motivated by the presence of loss‐averse decision making behavior in practice, this article considers a supply chain consisting of a firm and strategic consumers who possess an S‐shaped loss‐averse utility function. In the model, consumers decide the purchase timing and the firm chooses the inventory level. We find that the loss‐averse consumers' strategic purchasing behavior is determined by their perceived gain and loss from strategic purchase delay, and the given rationing risk. Thus, the firm that is cognizant of this property tailors its inventory stocking policy based on the consumers' loss‐averse behavior such as their perceived values of gain and loss, and their sensitivity to them. We also demonstrate that the firm's equilibrium inventory stocking policy reflects both the economic logic of the traditional newsvendor inventory model, and the loss‐averse behavior of consumers. The equilibrium order quantity is significantly different from those derived from models that assume that the consumers are risk neutral and homogeneous in their valuations. We show that the firm that ignores strategic consumer's loss‐aversion behavior tends to keep an unnecessarily high inventory level that leads to excessive leftovers. Our numerical experiments further reveal that in some extreme cases the firm that ignores strategic consumer's loss‐aversion behavior generates almost 92% more leftovers than the firm that possesses consumers’ loss‐aversion information and takes it into account when making managerial decisions. To mitigate the consumer's forward‐looking behavior, we propose the adoption of the practice of agile supply chain management, which possesses the following attributes: (i) procuring inventory after observing real‐time demand information, (ii) enhanced design (which maintains the current production mix but improves the product performance to a higher level), and (iii) customized design (which maintains the current performance level but increases the variety of the current production line to meet consumers’ specific demands). We show that such a practice can induce the consumer to make early purchases by increasing their rationing risk, increasing the product value, or diversifying the product line. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics 62: 435–453, 2015     

基于竞争式MAC接入的移动Adhoc网络建模与仿真

总结了具有代表性的竞争式MAC接入协议:冲突避免多址接入MACA、IEEE 802.11 DCF和信道获得多址接入FAMA传输介质访问控制接入的一般性规律,建立了一个竞争式MAC接入数学模型,研究哪些因素影响网络通信。通过NS2网络模拟实验,验证了这些影响的存在,并初步了解如何减少这些负面影响。与无线网络物理层或高层网络比起来,MAC接入对于无线网络高效可靠通信的负面影响容易被忽略,实际却存在,该研究对无线网络可靠通信具有一定参考价值。     

潜艇自航模水下长波遥控系统

提出了利用无线长波对水下潜艇自航模进行长波遥控的通信技术,阐述了长波遥控的发射、接收及天线系统的硬件组成和系统设计。对发射天线的现场测试结果进行了分析,提出了实际电路的阻抗匹配实现方法;对接收信号的噪声和灵敏度等有关问题进行了分析,采用天线的方向性自适应控制技术解决了潜艇水下接收,在实际应用中取得较好的效果。     

幅相误差对稀疏阵天线性能的影晌

围绕天线阵增益、波束宽度、指向和副瓣电平等指标，分析了幅相误差、阵元失效对稀疏阵列天线性能的影响。应用概率统计原理，导出了具有幅相误差、阵元失效时稀疏阵天线阵增益损失、波束宽度、指向、副瓣电平的估计公式、并得出一些有益结论。     

关于雷达接收机信道对遥测信号影响的研究

雷达接收机信道对于信号检测是最佳系统,当用其传输遥测信号时,由于信道噪声的影响,使遥测信号码间距发生变化,从而影响遥测信息传输精度。全面分析了雷达信道对遥测信号的影响程度,为消除其影响提供了准确、可靠的理论依据。     

基于少齿差传动的高精度方向机研究

目前大多数坦克炮塔方向机均采用一行星汇流排将手动与电动合二为一.但由于受到结构及坦克空间约束,方向机的传动比基本上均匀分配,系统各级精度均对系统误差产生影响,因而空回量大、传动精度低,通常在2.5密位以上.本研究通过采用"同力面混合少齿差行星传动"技术及径向弹性补偿装置,并对系统各级传动比重新分配,使方向机的空回量约减小一半,提高了方向机的传动精度和传动效率.     

装甲车辆综合试验检测系统研究

主要介绍了装甲车辆传、操系统多功能综合试验、检测与监控系统的研制及功能,该系统以现代检测手段为基础,可对装甲车辆传、操系统的试验过程进行实时检测和监控,其监控技术指标包括操纵力及行程、温度、噪声、转速、挡位、油压等,同时还可进行试验数据的实时采集,通过计算机进行综合分析和评估,输出试验结果。     

局域网传输系统可用性分析

采用可用性概念 ,分析局域网络系统的工作情况 ,对系统的平均故障间隔时间、中断率等参数进行评估 ,为工程设计和系统维护提供参考依据     

坦克传动装置润滑系统传动油的流动仿真研究

应用一维流体仿真软件FLOWMASTER2,对坦克传动装置润滑系统的流动进行了模拟,提出了基于FLOWMASTER2软件的传动装置润滑系统的稳态流动仿真模型,并对某型坦克液力机械传动装置润滑系统的流动进行了仿真,预测了润滑系统的流量、流速和压力分布。该研究为坦克及其它车用传动装置润滑系统的流动性能提供了一种有效的理论分析手段和仿真方法。